Kapadokya

Kapadokya bölgesi, doğa ve tarihin dünyada en güzel bütünleştiği yerdir. Coğrafik olaylar Peribacaları\\\'nı oluştururken, tarihi süreçte, insanlar da, bu peribacalarının içlerine ev, kilise oymuş, bunları fresklerle süsleyerek, binlerce yıllık yaşlı medeniyetlerin izlerini günümüze taşımıştır.

Roma İmparatoru Augustus zamanında Antik Dönem yazarlarından Strabon 17 kitaplık \\\'Geographika\\\' adlı kitabında (Anadolu XII,XIII,XIV) Kapadokya Bölgesi\\\'nin sınırlarını güneyde Toros Dağları, batıda Aksaray, doğuda Malatya ve kuzeyde Doğu Karadeniz kıyılarına kadar uzanan geniş bir bölge olarak belirtir.

Bu günkü Kapadokya Bölgesi Nevşehir,Aksaray, Niğde, Kayseri ve Kırşehir illerinin kapladığı alandır. Daha dar bir alan olan kayalık Kapadokya Bölgesi ise Uçhisar, Ürgüp, Avanos, Göreme, Derinkuyu, Kaymaklı, Ihlara ve çevresinden ibarettir.












Kayalara oyulmuş geleneksek Kapadokya evleri ve güvercinlikler yörenin özgünlüğünü dile getirirler. Bu evler 19. yüzyılda yamaçlara ya kayaların yada kesme taştan inşa edilmişlerdir.

Bölgenin tek mimarı malzemesi olan taş yörenin volkanik yapısından dolayı ocaktan çıktıktan sonra yumuşak olduğundan çok rahat işlenebilmekte ancak hava ile temas ettikten sonra sertleşerek çok dayanaklı bir yapı malzemesine dönüşmektedir.Kullanılan malzemenin bol olması ve kolay işlenebilmesinden dolayı yöreye has olan taş işçiliği gelişerek mimari bir gelenek halini almıştır. Gerek avlu gerekse ev kapılarının malzemesi ahşaptır.

Kemerli olarak yapılmış kapıların üst kısmı stilize sarmaşık veya rozet motifleriyle süslenmiştir.Yöredeki güvercinlikler 19. yüzyılın sonları, 18. yüzyılda yapılmış küçük yapılardır. İslam resim sanatını göstermek açısından önemli olan güvercinliklerin bir kısmı manastır veya kilise olarak inşa edilmişlerdir. Güvercinliklerin yüzeyi yöresel sanatçılar tarafından zengin bir bezemeler, kitabeler ile süslenmişlerdir.











Ürgüp

ÜRGÜP

Nevşehir\\\'in 20 km doğusunda olan Ürgüp Kapadokya Bölgesinin en önemli merkezlerindendir. Göreme\\\'de olduğu gibi tarihsel süreç içerisinde çok sayıda isme sahip olmuştur. Bizans Döneminde Osiana (Assiana), Hagios Prokopios; Selçuklular Dönemi\\\'nde Başhisar; Osmanlılar zamanında Burgut kalesi; Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarından itibaren de Ürgüp adıyla anılmıştır.

 

Tarihçe

Volkanik orijinli jeolojik bir yapıya sahip olan Ürgüp, yağmur ve rüzgar erozyonunun meydana getirdiği ve peribacası olarak tanımlanan ilginç doğal oluşumların sıkça ve tipik örneklerinin yoğun olarak yer aldığı bir bölgeye kurulmuştur. Vadi yamaçlarından akan yağmur sularının ve daha sonra rüzgarların aşındırması sonucu oluşan yarıklar arasında yükselen peribacaları bu bölgeye has çok ilginç bir peyzaj görüntüsü oluşturmuştur.

Nevşehir\\\'in 20km. doğusunda olan Ürgüp Kapadokya Bölgesinin en önemli merkezlerindendir. Göreme\\\'de olduğu gibi tarihsel süreç içerisinde çok sayıda isme sahip olmuştur. Bizans Döneminde Osiana (Assiana), Hagios Prokopios; Selçuklular Dönemi\\\'nde Başhisar; Osmanlılar zamanında Burgut kalesi; Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarından itibaren de Ürgüp adıyla anılmıştır. 

İklim

Ürgüp’te yazları sıcak ve kurak, kışları soğuk ve kar yağışlı, ilkbahar ve sonbaharda ise yağmurlu tamamen kırsal bir step iklimi özellikleri görülür. İlkbaharda yeşeren ancak daha sonraları sararıp yok alan step bitki örtüsünün dışında bölgede bir orman örtüsü bulunmamakla beraber, ilçede ve çevresinde çok yoğun olarak görülen bağcılık ve yemyeşil bağ örtüsü yaz aylarında da sıcak bir görüntü vermektedir.

Göreme

Masalsı bacaların arasına gizlenmiş olan Göreme Kapadokyanın kalbidir. Bölgedeki ilk dönem yerleşim Hristiyanlıktan Roma dönemine kadar uzanır. Göremedeki Ortahane, Durmus Kadir, Yusuf Koc and Bezirhane kiliseleri Uzundere, Bagildere ve Zemi Vadisine kadar kayalardan oyulmuş evler ve bacalar tarihin mistik yanını günümüze taşır.

 

 

Avanos

AVANOS

Nevşehir\\\'in 18 km kuzeyinde olan Avanos\\\'un antik dönemdeki adı Venessa\\\'dır. Çok sayıda çanak çömlek atölyesi bulunan ilçede seramik yapım geleneği Hititlerden beri süregelmektedir. Kızılırmak\\\'ın getirdiği kırmızı toprak ve milden elde edilen seramik   çamuru, Avanoslu seramik sanatçılarının elinde şekil almaktadır.

Çömlekçilik:Avanos\\\'ta da Hititler\\\'den beri çarkla çanak-çömlek yapıldığı bilinmektedir.Bu el sanatı kavimden kavime,babadan oğula geçerek günümüze kadar gelmiştir. Avanos\\\'un dağlarından ve Kızılırmak\\\'ın eski yataklarından yumuşak ve yağlı kil topraklar elenir ve   iyice yoğurularak çamur haline getirilir.Çark adı verilen ve ayakla döndürülen tezgah üzerindeki çamurun maharetle şekillendirilmesiyle istenilen çanak yapılmış olur.İşlik denilen atölyelerde üretilen çanaklar önce güneşte,daha sonra da gölgede   kurutulduktan sonra,saman ve talaşla yakılan fırınlarda 800 dereceden başlayıp 1200 derece sıcaklık arasında özenle pişirilir.

Yörede yemek kapları,su testileri,kışlık yiyecek saklamak için çömlekler ve küpler,su kükleri tanınan çanak ürünleridir. Avanos,günümüzde \\\'\\\'Kapadokya\\\'nın El Sanatları ve Alış-veriş Merkezi\\\'\\\' olarak tanınmaktadır.

İklim:Yazları sıcak ve kurak, kışları ise soğuk yağışlıdır.

Kaynak: www.kultur.gov.tr

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CAPPADOCIA / TURKEY

Sightseeing Places & Information

AVANOS

The ancient name of the town of Avanos, which lies 18km to the northeast of Nevsehir, is Vanessa. The main economic activity in the town is pottery, a craft dating back to the Hittite period. The red clay which is worked by local craftsmen comes from ...»

CAVUSIN
One of the oldest settlements in the area, Çavusin is sutiated 2km from Göreme, on the Göreme-Avanos road. The Church of St.John the Baptist offers a panoramic view of the village. This church and its paintigs date back to the 5th century

CAVUSIN CHURCH
This barrel vaulted church, with one nave and three apses, is sutiated 2.5km from Göreme on the Göreme-Avanos road. Its narthex is collapsed. The church was built around 964/965.

THE MONASTERY OF GUMUSLER

This is a monastery church carved from the rock in Gumusler, 8km to the northeast of Nigde, 4km from the Nigde-Kayseri road. This 10th century monastery is entered via a vaulted door. The church is situated to the north side of the courtyard.

GORME CHURCH
The one nave barrel vaulted plan common for Göreme\\\'s churches was the most convenient architectural style for the religious communities and those liveng in seclusion in the area. These buildings were also seen as suitale areas for graves.
GOREME OPEN AIR MUSEUM
By the end of the 2nd century a large Christian community had formed in Cappadocia. It is known that there were two bishoprics at that time; one in Kayseri, which, for a long time, continued to be a Christian center in the regon and the other in Malatya
CHURCHES IN GOREME OPEN AIR MUSEUM AREA 

Tokali (Buckle) Church
This is the oldest known rock-cut church in the region, and cmoprises of four sections: The Old Church with one nave; the New Church; the Lower Church under the Old Church; and the Parecclesion to the north of the New Church
GULSEHIR
The old name of Gülsehir, situated on the southem bank of the Red River, 20 km from Nevsehir, is Arapsun and in ancient times it was called \\\"Zoropassos\\\". The ottoman Grand Vezier Karavezir Mehmet Seyyid Pasha did the same thing in Gülsehir as Damat Ibrahim Pasha did in Nevsehir and a külliye was built in the town which had only 30 houses. The complex consisted of a mosque, a madrassa and a fountain.
ACIK SARAY RUINS IN GULSEHIR
This important area of ruins is situated 3km from Gülsehir. There are numerous rock cuttings including Roman tombs, and churches dating back to the 9th 11th centuries in this important bishopric. The mihrab in \\\"the Mescid of Haci Bektas-i Veli\\\", it is called by locals, is interesting as it is a well preserved islamic building. To the west side of the mescid, with a square-like plan, are some quite large niches.

Rock formations in the shape o mushrooms are unique to this area.
 GULSEHIR KARŞI CHURCH (ST.JOHN)
The two floor church of St.John, found on entering Gülsehir, houses a church, wine cellar, graves, water channels and living quarters on the lower floor, and a church decorated with Biblical scenes on the upper floor.

The lower floor church is built to the shape of a cross, has one apse and arms of the cross are barrel vaulted. The central dome is collapsed. Stylized animals, geometrical and crucifix designs are used to decorate the church in red onchre, which was applied directly onto the rock. The upper church has one apse, and is barrel-vaulted. Apart from those on the apse, the well-preserved frescoes were covered in a layer of black soot. The churc\\\'s present state owes to restoration and conservation done by Ridvan Isler in 1995.

GOREME
Goreme, situated 10km from Nevsehir, is fonud in the area surrounded with valleys, within the Nevsehir-Ürgüp-Avanos triangle. The old names for Göreme are Korama, Matiana, Maccan and Avcilar. Since Göreme was referred as Kora ...»

GOREME CHURCH  
Kadir Durmuş Church
This basilica style church differs from the others in that it has a pulpit in the centre, its columns are thick and rectangular in shape, it has a baptistery and graves hollowed out of the walls in the first esction. The chu ...»

HACI BEKTAS

This town gets is name from Haci Bektas-i Veli, who was born in the 13th century in Khorassan, on the border with today\\\'s modern day Iran. Haci Bektas recieved his earliest education from Ahmet Yesevi, a learned thinker of that time.

Haci ...»

HACI BEKTAS-I VELI MUSEUM
In the three court yarded complex housing the tombs of Haci Bektas-i Vali and Balim Sultan, there is also a mosque, bath house, kitchen, laundry, guest house and esveral fountains.

The külliye, which is now open to public as a museum ...»

IHLARA VALLEY
This valley is situated 30 km from Aksaray and cna be reached making a turn at the the 11th km of the Aksaray-Nevsehir road.. The canyon was created by the cracking and collapsing which occurred as a result of basalt and andesite lave from Mt.Hasanda ...»

IHLARA VALLEY CHURCHES
Agacalti Church (Beneath the Tree)
The plan of this church is cruciform, with domes, a barrel vaulted ceiling and three apses. The main apse and the southern apse are collapsed. Entrance to the church is by this collapsed main apse. It is also  ...»
IHLARA VALLEY
Guzelyurt is 45 km from Aksaray and 15 km from Ihlara. With its beautiful nature and 19th century architecture it is an important place for visitors to Cappadocia.

Gregory of Nazianzus, who worked hard to spread Christianity in the area,  ...»
IHLARA VALELY SELIME
Selime is situated at the end of the Ihlara valley. Fairy chimneys rest on the steep hilside, and a basilica style cathedral, the Seljuk tomb of Selime Sultan, whom the town was named after, a hollowed our citadel and churches are also found here.
KOZAKLI
The old name of Kozakli, situated 100 km north of Nevsehir is Hamamorta, according to the criteria of Organisation of Germany Hot Springs, Kozakli spas fall into the A and C groups with its springs rich in sodium, calcium and chlorine.

MUSTAFA PASA
Mustafapasa 6km to the south of Ürgüp, was inhabited by Greek Orthodox families until the beginning of the 20th century. The houses dating back to the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries display fine examples of stonework.

MUSTAFA PASA CHAPEL 
The church is ilocated on the west side of Gömede Valley, about 2km west of the town of Mustafapasa. The church has a rectangular plan, two apses, and two naves with flat ceiling and is supported by two columns.

NEVSEHIR ( NYSSIA)
Nevsehir\\\'s ancient name was \\\"Nyssa\\\", but in the Ottoman period it was renamed \\\"Muskara\\\". The son in law of Sultan ahmet III. the ottoman Grand Vizier Ibrahim Pasa was born in Nevsehir
DAMAT IBRAHIM PASA  
Kursunlu mosque, situated in the Damat Ibrahim Pasa complex, was completed in 1726. The mosque which is situated in the centre of a court with three gates, has an elegant minaret 44m in height.

ORTAHISAR
Ortahisar citadel, built both as a defence and as a settlement, is situated 6km from Ürgüp, on the road to Nevsehir. Typical examples of the raea\\\'s civilian architecture can be found among the houses skirting the citadel.

ORTAHISAR UZUMLU CHURCH
The Grape Church is located at the beginning of the Red Valley, to the west of the town of Ortahisar, about 1 km from the road. The fairy chimney, in which the Grape Churc is found, is hollowed out like a monastic complex where monks lived.
SOGANLI VALLEY 
This valley is situated near Yesilhisar in the province of Kayseri, 30 km southeast of Urgup, and 25 km to the east of Derinkuyu. Fractures and collapses during earthquakes hav added to erosion resulting in deep valleys and canyons.
SOGANLI VALLEY CHURCHES
Karabas Church
This is fonud on theright side of the valley. Besides the church, graves, large vaulted chapels, and priests\\\' rooms can be found in this rock mass.The church has one nave, one apse, and a barrel vaulted ceiling.
TATLARIN

The village of Tatlarin, located 10 km north of the town of Acigol, is one of the interesting places in Cappadocia because of both its underground settlement and churches and the architecture of its houses.

TATLARIN CHURCH
The church is on the slope of the hill, called \\\"the castle\\\", in the town of Tatlarin, to 10km north of acigol. The narthex of the church, which has two naves and two apses, is collapsed. 

UCHISAR
Uçhisar is situated at the highest point in the region, on the Nevsehir-Göreme road, just 7km from Nevsehir. It is not known when Uçhisar was first inhabited, however, in style, it resembles Ortahisar and the Selime Kalesi (castle)

URGUP
One of the most important centers in Cappadocia is Ürgüp, 20km to the east of Nevsehir. Like Göreme, Ürgüp also had different names in history; Osiana (Assiana) in the Byzantine Period, Bashisar during the Seljuk Peroid, Burg 
URGUP PANCARLIK CHURCH
Pancarlik valley lies to the south of Ortahisar, and to the right of the road leading from Ürgüp to Mustafapasa. The church has one nave, one apse and a flat ceiling. The frescoes in this church are well preserved, and most of them are pain 
TAGAR CHURCH
The village of Yesilöz, which houses the Tagar church, lies to the right of the ürgüp-Kayseri road, about 8.5km from ürgüp. The dome of this \\\"T\\\" planned church is now covered in glass, the original having collapsed. 
ZELVE
Zelve is situated on the northern slopes of Aktepe, 1km from Pasabaglari (Monks\\\' Valley) and 5 km from Avanos. The ruins at Zelve are spread over three valleys, which also house several pointed fairy chimneys with large stems.

ZELVE CHAPEL OF ST.BARBARA
This church is situated behind the rock housing Elmali (Apple) Church. It has a cruciform plan, with two columns. The north, south and west arms of the cruciform are barrel vaulted, and the centre the east arm, and the east corners are domed.
 To feel more comfortable and unique , stay at  a cave hotel in Cappadocia

  Source: www.tourism.gov.tr ]]>